EDUCTUM: Journal Research

The Influence of Bullying Characters on the Learning Motivation of Fifth Grade Students of Elementary School 122348 Pematangsiantar

Ferdinan Henra Hia — 2025-11-15

Bullying behavior is a form of violence carried out by peers and often has a negative impact on the psychological condition and learning process of students. This phenomenon is also seen in fifth grade students of SDN 122348 Pematangsiantar who show symptoms of decreased learning motivation, such as lack of focus, reluctance to ask questions, and withdrawal from class interactions. This study aims to analyze the influence of bullying character on students' learning motivation. The research method used is quantitative with an ex-post facto design, involving 32 students as a sample. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using normality tests, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, simple linear regression, and t-tests. The results showed that bullying character has a significant effect on learning motivation, evidenced by the calculated t value of 15.741 which is more than the t table of 2.005 and a significance value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05. The coefficient of determination of 89.2% indicates that variations in learning motivation are strongly influenced by bullying behavior, while 10.8% is influenced by other factors. These findings emphasize the importance of school efforts to prevent bullying in order to create a safe, comfortable learning environment that supports students' academic development.

The Role of Civics Teachers as Evaluators in Improving Learning Discipline of Students at Muhammadiyah 01 Middle School, Medan

Zulkifli Amin — 2025-11-30

This study aims to explain how the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) teachers as evaluators in improving student learning discipline at SMP Muhammadiyah 01 Medan. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The subjects in this study were Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) teachers and students. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis technique was carried out with three stages of activity flow: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study in improving student learning discipline, Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) teachers as evaluators conduct continuous learning evaluations to see student success in learning and can improve student learning discipline if the results of student learning evaluations have not shown success. PPKn teachers as evaluators, they compare students' abilities in answering questions and play a role in group collaboration. In addition, PPKn teachers also play a role in developing skills in guiding small group discussions, organizing lessons, and maintaining school order.

Progressive Islam as Muhammadiyah's Response to Modernity: An Ideological Review of the Second Century of MKCH

Selamat Pohan — 2025-11-30

This study analyzes the concept of Progressive Islam in Muhammadiyah's Statement of Beliefs and Ideals of Life (MKCH) as an ideological response to the challenges of modernity in the organization's second century. The MKCH, formulated at the 46th Congress in 2010, is a crystallization of Muhammadiyah's progressive thinking that seeks to bridge authentic Islamic values with the needs of the contemporary era. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through content analysis of MKCH documents and related literature. The results show that Progressive Islam in the MKCH represents three main dimensions: first, a theological dimension that emphasizes a substantive-progressive understanding of Islam; second, a methodological dimension that uses a rational-ijtihadi approach in responding to social change; and third, a practical dimension that embodies the values of progress in a social-transformative movement. The transformation of thought in Muhammadiyah's second century shows a shift from a purification movement (tajdid) to a more inclusive and contextual enlightenment movement (tanwir). MKCH is an ideological foundation for Muhammadiyah in facing the complexities of modernity without losing its authentic Islamic identity.

The Influence of Profitability, Liquidity, and Market Ratio on Stock Prices in the Personal Care Industry Listed on the IDX

Elisa Kornia Rahmadani — 2025-11-30

This study aims to investigate the impact of Profitability, Liquidity, and Market Ratio on Stock Prices in the Personal Care Product industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020–2024. This study used 7 companies as research samples with a total of 35 data observations. The sampling method was purposive sampling, while the data analysis method applied multiple linear regression. This research is quantitative research that utilizes secondary data; the data analysis carried out included descriptive tests, classical assumption tests, multiple regression tests, and hypothesis testing using SPSS 25. There are three independent factors: Profitability (measured by Return on Assets/ROA), Liquidity (measured by Current Ratio/CR), and Market Ratio (measured by Price to Earning Ratio/PER). Meanwhile, the dependent factor in this study is Stock Price. Research findings indicate that Profitability and Liquidity have a positive and significant contribution to Stock Price. Conversely, Market Ratio has no effect on Stock Price. Independent factors, namely Profitability, Liquidity, and Market Ratio simultaneously contribute to the Stock Price of personal care companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2024 period.

The Role of the Principal in Making the Cultural Literacy Program a Success (Case Study of SMPN 1 Rantau Selatan)

Jamiatul Hoiriah — 2025-11-30

This study aims to analyze the role of the principal in ensuring the success of the cultural literacy program at SMPN 1 Rantau Selatan. Cultural literacy is seen as a strategic effort to shape students' understanding of the diversity of local and national wisdom in a global context. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Primary data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, and students of grade VIII.3, while secondary data came from relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that the principal plays an important role as a decision maker, motivator, supervisor, and collaborative facilitator, especially with PPKn teachers in the implementation of cultural literacy activities. This role contributes to strengthening students' understanding of the values ??of diversity, nationalism, and tolerance that are aligned with the Independent Curriculum and the Pancasila Student Profile, especially in the "Global Diversity" dimension. Thus, the principal's leadership is a key factor in building a sustainable cultural literacy ecosystem in schools.