Economic: Journal Economic and Business

The influence of training and development on employee productivity at the Ronggo Mukti batik company

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine the effect of training and development programs on employee productivity at the Ronggo Mukti Batik Company. In an increasingly competitive business environment, improving the quality of human resources is a crucial element in enhancing a company's competitiveness. This study employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Information was collected through intensive interviews and direct observation of employees to understand their personal experiences, perspectives, and behavioral transformations following the training and development program. The findings revealed that training and development positively impacted employee productivity, reflected in improved skills, job insight, and increased motivation to carry out responsibilities. Structured training initiatives and ongoing development activities have proven effective in enhancing employee capabilities and work enthusiasm, thus supporting improvements in individual and overall organizational performance. These results emphasize the urgency of a company's commitment to human resource management as a strategy for achieving long-term goals.

The role of auditor independence, integrity, competence and professionalism in improving audit quality to strengthen government transparency and accountability

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Transparency and accountability are key principles of good governance, particularly in the management of state finances. Public sector audits play a strategic role in ensuring the reliability of government financial reports and enhancing public trust. However, the paradox of audit quality is still common, where government entities obtain an Unqualified Opinion (WTP) but still face financial irregularities. This situation indicates that audit quality is determined not only by the audit results but also by the characteristics of the auditor. This study aims to examine the role of auditor independence, integrity, competence, and professionalism in improving audit quality and their implications for strengthening government transparency and accountability. The research method used is a literature review by analyzing audit textbooks, national scientific journals, and regulations related to public sector audits descriptively and critically. The study results indicate that auditor independence and integrity are the main foundations in maintaining the objectivity and credibility of audits, while competence and professionalism play a role in ensuring the accuracy of audit procedures and the quality of recommendations. These four factors simultaneously improve audit quality and contribute significantly to strengthening transparency and accountability in government financial management.

Integrating garch, markowitz mean–variance, and lstm for risk, volatility, and portfolio analysis of four major Indonesian banking stocks 2015 – 2024

Risca Octaviyani Hutapea, Gizka Triyunita Sinaga, Ardicha Appu Sianturi — Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the risk structure, volatility behavior, and optimal portfolio construction of four major banking stocks in Indonesia BBCA, BBRI, BMRI, and BBNI during the 2015–2024 period through the integration of the GARCH(1,1) model, Markowitz Mean–Variance optimization, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based forecasting. Daily closing price data is transformed into log returns and tested for stationarity before further analysis. The GARCH estimation results indicate persistent high volatility across all stocks (?+? close to 1), with BBNI and BBRI the most responsive to market shocks, while BBCA remains the most stable stock. Markowitz optimization produces a Minimum Variance portfolio dominated by BBCA, while the Maximum Sharpe portfolio allocates funds entirely to BBCA due to its superior return efficiency. The LSTM is able to represent price trends well, as evidenced by low prediction error values for BBRI and BBNI and accuracy between 58–61 percent. The integration provides a comprehensive analytical framework for understanding changing market risk dynamics and supporting adaptive investment decision-making in the Indonesian banking sector. These findings confirm that the hybrid approach can improve risk mapping while maximizing portfolio performance through a combination of historical information, dynamic volatility, and price trend predictions.

The role of human resource management in increasing employee creativity and productivity, a case study at Dewi Rengganis Batik House

Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Human Resource Management (HRM) is a series of activities that include planning, organizing, developing, motivating, and supervising human resources in an organization to achieve goals effectively and efficiently. This study aims to examine the role of human resource management in increasing employee creativity and productivity at Rumah Batik Dewi Rengganis. Increasingly fierce competition in the batik industry requires business actors to continue to innovate and produce high-quality products. In this context, effective human resource management is a key factor in organizational success. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach, which is carried out through data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that human resource management which includes skills training, increasing work motivation, and implementing open and effective communication has a significant contribution to increasing employee creativity in producing innovative and diverse batik designs. In addition, the effectiveness of employee management also has a positive impact on increasing production productivity at Rumah Batik Dewi Rengganis.

The influence of non-performing loans (NPL), loan to deposit ratio (LDR), return on assets (ROA), and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) on credit growth in commercial banks in Indonesia

Novia Andini, Helma Malini, Giriati Giriati — Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine the influence of Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Return on Assets (ROA), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on credit growth in Conventional Commercial Banks in Indonesia during the 2020–2024 period. The background of this study is based on the inconsistency of previous research findings regarding internal banking factors that influence credit growth, as well as the limited empirical studies that specifically examine the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. This study uses a panel data regression method with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach and involves conventional commercial banks as research objects for a five-year observation period. The results show that partially Non-Performing Loans (NPL) have a negative and significant effect on credit growth, while the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Return on Assets (ROA) have a positive and significant effect on credit growth. Meanwhile, the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) does not show a significant effect on credit growth. Simultaneously, these four variables are proven to have a significant effect on credit growth. This finding indicates that banking credit growth is more influenced by the level of credit risk, liquidity, and profitability than by capital adequacy factors.

The effect of internship programmes on soft skills and work motivation on students' work readiness

Restu Wahyuni, Suhardi Suhardi, Mat Amin — Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the influence of internship programs, soft skills, and work motivation on students' work readiness, with self-efficacy as a mediating variable. The study was conducted on Pertiba University students using a quantitative approach using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. Data were collected through questionnaires with 178 students as respondents. The results showed that soft skills and work motivation had a positive and significant effect on students' work readiness. Conversely, internship programs did not show a significant effect on work readiness, either directly or indirectly. In addition, self-efficacy was shown to significantly mediate the relationship between soft skills and work readiness, but did not mediate the relationship between internship programs and work motivation on students' work readiness. These findings confirm that students' work readiness is more determined by internal factors, particularly interpersonal skills and self-confidence, than by internship experience alone. Therefore, universities are advised to place more emphasis on the development of students' soft skills and self-efficacy through collaborative learning, self-development activities, and meaningful practical experiences to improve students' readiness to face the increasingly competitive world of work.

The antecedence of financial well-being: insights from financial behavior, attitude, and knowledge among Indonesian youth

Ana Liana, Wendy Wendy, Giriati Giriati — Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine the determinants of financial well-being among young Indonesians by analyzing the direct influence of financial behavior, financial attitudes, and financial knowledge. This study involved 348 respondents aged 20 to 34 years who participated by completing a questionnaire using a Likert scale with a value range of 1 to 7. Data analysis was conducted using WarpPLS 8.0 software. The results showed that financial behavior, financial attitudes, and financial knowledge have a positive and significant effect on financial well-being. This finding strengthens the relevance of behavioral finance theory and confirms that financial intelligence plays a significant role in determining the level of financial well-being of young individuals. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of planning and implementing comprehensive financial education to improve the financial well-being of young people in the digital era.

Innovation technology mediates marketing strategy on the marketing performance of MSMEs

Raihanah Daulay — Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate marketing strategy to improve the performance of MSMEs supported by innovative technology in implementing efficient and effective strategies. This study involved 100 respondents who are MSME actors in Medan City who have been running their businesses for more than one year, using a purposive sampling technique. The research method used is a quantitative method with data analysis using path analysis through the PLS4 application. The test results show that marketing strategy has a significant effect on marketing performance, marketing strategy has a significant effect on innovative technology, and innovative technology has a significant effect on marketing performance. In addition, innovative technology plays a mediating variable in the relationship between marketing strategy and marketing performance of MSMEs in Medan City. The implications of this study indicate that MSMEs need to improve the competitiveness of their products and businesses to be able to optimally seize market opportunities.

The influence of recruitment digitalization and candidate experience on job application interest in Indonesia

Ahmad Iqbal Suryana, Titik Rosnani — Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Digital transformation has driven significant changes in recruitment practices across various industrial sectors, marked by the increased use of e-recruitment systems, Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS), and professional social media. Recruitment digitization is considered capable of increasing efficiency, expanding candidate reach, and improving the quality of the selection process. However, its effectiveness is determined not only by technology, but also by the candidate's experience during the recruitment process. This study aims to analyze the influence of recruitment digitization and candidate experience on job application interest in Indonesia. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of 226 respondents who had participated in digital recruitment. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through WarpPLS 8.0. The results showed that recruitment digitization had a positive and significant effect on job application interest (? = 0.525; p less than 0.001), and candidate experience had a significant effect (? = 0.354; p less than 0.001). The R² value of 0.711 indicates that both variables are able to explain 71.1% of the variation in job application interest. These findings underscore the importance of developing effective digital recruitment systems and quality candidate experiences to increase applicant engagement.

The role of human resource management on employee performance in the management of Pekalen rafting tourism in Probolinggo

Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the role of human resources on employee performance in managing rafting tourism in Probolinggo. The adventure tourism industry, especially rafting tourism, requires optimal human resource management to ensure tourist satisfaction, safety, and business sustainability. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method on Pekalen Rafting tourism in Probolinggo. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation studies with informants consisting of managers, rafting guides, operational staff, and support employees. The results of the study indicate that the role of human resources, including the recruitment process, training and development, and a fair compensation system, has a positive effect on employee performance in managing Pekalen Rafting tourism in Probolinggo. Good employee performance is reflected in the level of operational safety, customer satisfaction, and service efficiency. The conclusion of this study confirms that the role of human resources on employee performance is a key factor in increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of rafting tourism businesses.

The influence of service quality, price, and payment procedures on Telkomsel prepaid card customer satisfaction

Indri Briliani, Suhardi Suhardi — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study analyzes the influence of signal quality, package price, and ease of administrative procedures on customer satisfaction among Telkomsel prepaid card users, with customer trust as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was used through an online survey involving 209 active Telkomsel customers who had experience using data packages, assessing network quality, and carrying out administrative processes such as SIM card replacement. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the measurement and structural models. The results show that signal quality has the strongest influence on customer trust and also has a significant direct impact on customer satisfaction. Package price has a positive effect on customer trust and satisfaction, although its contribution is lower than that of signal quality. Ease of card replacement is proven to have a significant effect on customer trust, but does not have a direct effect on customer satisfaction. Customer trust is proven to play an important role as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between the three independent variables and customer satisfaction. These findings emphasize the importance of reliable network quality, fair pricing structures, and efficient administrative services in increasing customer trust and satisfaction in the competitive telecommunications industry.

Implementation of training programs and their impact on employee competency at PT BRI Persero in Probolinggo

Lukmanul Hakim, Elok Sulusiah, Fais Abdul Hadi, Ainur Rofiqi, Yeni Kartikawati — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Human resource development through training is a strategic investment to strengthen the competitiveness of banking companies. PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk in Probolinggo implements various training programs to improve employee capabilities in responding to the increasingly competitive developments in the banking industry. The successful implementation of training programs is a crucial factor in achieving optimal employee competency improvement, thus requiring a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation process and the results obtained. This study aims to analyze the implementation of training programs conducted by PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk in Probolinggo and evaluate the impact of these training programs on employee competency. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods to obtain a comprehensive picture of the phenomena that are the focus of the study. Data collection was conducted through review and analysis of various relevant written sources. The results show that the implementation of training programs at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Probolinggo is carried out in a structured manner through several stages, namely identifying training needs, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The training program includes improving technical competency in the banking sector, developing managerial capabilities, and strengthening soft skills tailored to individual and organizational needs.

Analysis of the modernity of entrepreneurial attitudes in the success of MSMEs, coffee shops fostered by Medan City Cooperatives

Fitriani Fitriani, Mhd Buhari Sibuea, Tri Martial, Faiz Ahmad Sibuea — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Coffee shop MSMEs have an important role in the economy and are a favorite business in Medan City. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of modernity of entrepreneurial attitudes of coffee shop MSMEs fostered by the Medan City Cooperative Office, analyze the performance of coffee shop MSME success, and analyze the influence of modernity of entrepreneurial attitudes on the success of coffee shop MSMEs fostered by the Medan City Cooperative Office. This study was conducted in Medan City. The sample of this study was all coffee shop MSMEs fostered by the Medan City Cooperative Office with a total sample of 36 coffee shop MSMEs. The collected data will be analyzed qualitatively with Likert scale measurements and SEM-PLS. The results show that the level of modernity of entrepreneurial attitudes has a total average score of 140.8 with a high category and an average percentage of 78.2%. While the performance of coffee shop MSME success has a total average score of 143.9 with a high category and an average percentage of 79.9%. Furthermore, from the results of the SEM-PLS analysis, it can be seen that there is an influence of the modernity of the entrepreneurial attitudes of coffee shop MSME actors on the success of coffee shop MSMEs.

Analysis of the readiness of tempe UMKM UD. Bismillah in implementing fixed financial accounting standards in Delitua District

Atika Arif, Tri Inda Fadhila Rahma, Hendra Hermain — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the level of readiness of Tempe MSME UD. Bismillah in implementing Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP) in Delitua District. The implementation of SAK ETAP is an effort to improve the quality of MSME financial reports to make them more relevant, reliable, and acceptable to stakeholders, especially in terms of access to financing and business transparency. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation of accounting practices carried out by business actors. The results of the study indicate that Tempe MSME UD. Bismillah is in the early stages of readiness, with a financial recording system that is still simple and does not refer to the principles of SAK ETAP. The main factors inhibiting the implementation of this standard include low accounting literacy, limited human resources, and the less-than-optimal role of supporting agencies such as the cooperative and MSME office. However, there is potential for development through increasing the willingness of business actors to learn and receive mentoring. This study recommends intervention from related parties in the form of technical training, provision of SAK ETAP modules tailored to the characteristics of MSMEs, and the establishment of a sustainable mentoring program so that the implementation of SAK ETAP can be realized gradually.

The influence of innovation on the competitiveness of frozen food MSMEs in Medan City

Faiz Ahmad Sibuea, Muhammad Buhari Sibuea, Apip Gunaldi Dalimunthe — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The competitiveness of frozen food Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Medan City is increasingly important in the context of a rapidly growing economy, especially in facing significant challenges such as intense competition. Innovation is a crucial factor in creating competitive advantage and expanding the market for frozen food MSMEs. This study analyzes the level of innovation and competitiveness of frozen food MSMEs and the influence of innovation on the competitiveness of frozen food MSMEs in Medan City. The sample of this study was all frozen food MSMEs under the guidance of the Medan City Cooperatives and SMEs Office, totaling 50 actors. This study is qualitative using a Likert scale to measure innovation and competitiveness of frozen food MSMEs, while SEM-PLS is used to analyze the influence of innovation on competitiveness. The results show that the level of innovation of frozen food MSMEs is in the good category with a score of 185.16 (74.06%). Meanwhile, the competitiveness of frozen food MSMEs is also in the good category with a score of 193 (77.2%). Furthermore, the results of SEM-PLS processing show that there is an influence of MSME actors' innovation on the competitiveness of frozen food MSMEs in Medan City, which is indicated by a P-value of less than 0.05.

Unlocking the power of adaptive selling: a systematic review and integrative framework

Andreas Angga Saputra, Ahmad Shalahuddin — Sun, 18 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Adaptive selling has become a critical competency for salespeople in increasingly dynamic, competitive, and technology-driven markets. This study aims to synthesize and integrate existing research on adaptive selling by conducting a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2021. Using a rigorous screening process and thematic analysis of 85 selected studies, this review identifies five dominant themes in the adaptive selling literature: conceptualization and measurement, antecedents, consequences, moderators and mediators, and contextual factors. The findings reveal that adaptive selling is shaped by a complex interaction of individual factors (such as motivation, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and learning orientation), organizational factors (including sales training, leadership style, and organizational culture), and situational contexts (such as product complexity, competitive intensity, and sales settings). Based on these insights, this study proposes an integrative framework that links antecedents, adaptive selling behaviors, mediating mechanisms, and performance outcomes, while also accounting for contextual contingencies and feedback effects. The review highlights the strategic importance of adaptive selling in enhancing sales performance and customer outcomes. Furthermore, it identifies key directions for future research, particularly in relation to digital technologies, virtual selling environments, and the dynamic evolution of adaptive selling over time.

The influence of product quality, promotion, and digital marketing on purchasing decisions through consumer satisfaction as a mediating variable

Lara Anjalita, Suhardi Suhardi — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality, promotion, and digital marketing on purchasing decisions with consumer satisfaction as a mediating variable among TikTok Shop users among Generation Z. This study uses a quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis techniques. The results show that product quality and promotion do not have a direct and significant effect on purchasing decisions, but both have a significant indirect effect through consumer satisfaction. Meanwhile, digital marketing has a direct and indirect effect on purchasing decisions. Consumer satisfaction is proven to play a significant role in bridging the relationship between independent variables and purchasing decisions. These findings emphasize the importance of digital marketing strategies that focus not only on product presentation or promotion, but also on improving consumer experience and satisfaction to encourage purchase conversions, especially in the Generation Z segment that is highly responsive to digital experiences. This study provides practical implications for business actors to prioritize building consumer satisfaction in improving purchasing decisions through optimizing product quality, promotional strategies, and utilizing targeted digital marketing.

The influence of government spending in the education, health and infrastructure sectors on economic growth and the human development index in North Sumatra province for the period 2015–2024

Suci Syahrovani Nasution — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effect of government spending on the education, health, and infrastructure sectors on economic growth and the Human Development Index (HDI) in North Sumatra Province during the 2015–2024 period. The main issue examined is the extent to which the effectiveness of public budget allocation is able to encourage economic development while improving human quality. This study uses a quantitative approach with a multiple linear regression method processed using EViews 10 software, and utilizes secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK). The results show that government spending on the health and infrastructure sectors has a significant effect on economic growth and the HDI, while spending on the education sector shows a positive but not significant effect in the short term. Simultaneously, the three expenditure sectors have a significant effect on both development indicators with a strong coefficient of determination value, namely above 75%. This finding emphasizes the importance of balanced budget allocation between the social and physical sectors to encourage inclusive and sustainable regional development.

The effect of service quality, marketing strategy and distribution efficiency on sales with the mediation of consumer trust

Rizki Dila Suhera, Suhardi Suhardi — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study analyzes the influence of service quality, marketing strategy, and distribution efficiency on sales performance with consumer trust as a mediating variable in the beef sales business of MSMEs in Toboali Market. The study used a quantitative approach involving 160 respondents and was analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that service quality and distribution efficiency had a positive and significant effect on sales performance, both directly and through consumer trust. Conversely, marketing strategy did not have a significant effect on consumer trust or sales performance. These findings indicate that in the context of traditional markets and fresh food products, consumers prioritize service quality, product consistency, and smooth distribution over conventional marketing activities. This study confirms the role of consumer trust as an important mediator linking operational practices with sales performance and provides managerial implications for the development of fresh food MSMEs.